![]() ![]() The confusing part is that, on most occasions, they result in the same conclusion. On the other hand, the logical AND (&) and OR (||) operators evaluate the left side of the operation if it is true, they only evaluate the right side. This means that the bitwise operator AND (&) and OR (|) evaluate both sides of the operation. The logical operators may be termed as lazy evaluation operators whereas the bitwise operators are eager to greedy evaluation operators. It is worth mentioning that the short-circuit operators, such as logical-AND (&) and logical-OR (||), must not be confused with bitwise-AND (&) and bitwise-OR (|) operators because they have different significance. The left shift and right shift operators will be explained later in the article. They operate in the manner as stated above with the help of truth tables. ![]() There are seven bitwise operators in Java: bitwise AND (&), OR (|), Ex-OR (^), left shift (>), unsigned right shift (>), and bitwise complement (~). The bitwise operators do not work on floating-point operands. In the order stated, each has the capacity to store more bit sequences than the previous one. If it is required to hold information more than eight bits, there are many other data types, but the bitwise operators only work on integral operands such as byte, char, short, int, and long. In Java, there is a data type, called a byte, to hold an eight-bit sequence. Other derived operators-NAND, NOR, and Ex-NOR-are nothing but the NOT operator added to the result of these basic operators. The truth table with the basic operators is shown in Figure 1: Also, there are other derived operators such as NAND (NOT AND), NOR (NOT OR), Ex-OR/XOR (Exclusive-OR), and Ex-NOR/XNOR (Exclusive-NOR). When we say binary arithmetic, the basic operators used with the binary operations are AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean algebra provides the principles of binary arithmetic that can be perfectly used as a tool in creating logic circuitry. ![]() There is a branch of mathematics that specifically deals with binary logic, called Boolean Algebra, named after English mathematician and logician George Boole. It is due to this convenience that signals are mapped into binary numbers. This simple idea provides a significant impetus to formulate signal circuitry into a mathematical expression and solves it like any mathematical problem. More accurately, it is not even bits but electrical charges represented as having certain voltages as 1/on/true, and the absence or deficiency of it as 0/off/false. As the number of bytes increases, the unit becomes Kilobyte (2 10), Megabyte (2 20), Gigabyte (2 30), and so on.Ĭomputers represent all data internally as a sequence of bits. The number of signals provided by 8-bit or 1 byte processing is 2 8 = 256. The individual bits, when combined into a group of eight, it is called a byte (8 bit = 1 byte). Now, using two switches alternately/together gives 2 2 = 4 such signals-00, 01, 10, 11. To put it colloquially, a switch can signal one of two things, either off (0) or on (1). The 0 basically means off/false and 1 means on/true. These two seemingly simple numbers can carry a lot of information when combined. Bits and BytesĪ bit is derived from the phrase “binary digit,” represented by 0 or 1. This article provides background information related to this capability and the use of the bitwise operators available in Java. Whatever the case, Java provides the capabilities for extensive bit manipulation and one may use it according to one’s need. This is particularly seen when developing software for test equipment, networking, operating systems, or establishing direct communication with the hardware. Programmers sometimes have to stoop to the level of bits and bytes when dealing with low-level data. We may make money when you click on links to our partners. content and product recommendations are editorially independent. ![]()
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